Sulfurization temperature effects on crystallization and performance of superstrate CZTS solar cells

Kesterite based on Cu2ZnSnS4 composition is considered as a promising absorber material for the next generation of photovoltaics due to raw materials abundance and low toxicity. Developing superstrate architecture using kesterite an could be key better performance, which allows new ways engineering formation thin film. In this work, we study effects sulfurization temperature crystallization film when fabricated in architecture, how affects performance solar cell. We noted that final cadmium diffusion at 500 °C from CdS layer, while above 530 essential complete Zn incorporation into crystal structure. The crystallinity highly affected, 550 found favorable growth, device gave improved performance. Impedance spectroscopy measurements suggest enhancement reduction defects increase depletion width p-n junction.